LAB Guide to Publishing and Open Science: Tips for Writing

So you want to write an article, but are not quite sure where to begin? Worry not! To help you get started, we've listed some basic questions that will help you with drafting.

What would you like to tell your readers?

• decide the topic: what new or interesting have you been up to lately, that would be worth sharing?
• a good topic is compactly narrowed, well-founded and suitable for the chosen target group
• remember that the topic should be connected to your work in LAB

To whom are you writing?

• consider your target group when planning the content, length and style of your article
• general public (popular), colleagues (professional) or the academic community (scientific, possibly peer-reviewed)

Where would you wish to publish?

• once you have decided on your topic and target audience, you need to find a suitable publishing channel for your article
• once you have chosen the publication channel, take time to familiarize with the publication's writing instructions and then comply to them (this will further the publication process considerably)
• it is always a good idea to take a glance at the previously published articles to get an overview of what is expected

And last but not least,  remember that writing is like any other skill - you're not born with it, you acquire it by practising!

Main heading

• this is the first thing people see and it can either spark or kill their interest to read further, so take time to think it over
• a good header is informative, compact and thought provoking, for example a declarative sentence

Introductory paragraph

• consists of two or three sentences that explain the purpose and content of the article
• avoid going into details such as exact dates or numbers
• references are not used in the introductory paragraph

Body text

• pay attention to narrative and structure (beginning, middle and end)
• don't link the reader away from your text (eg. by presuming they must suddenly read another text before continuing to read yours)
• avoid using long and complicated sentences, indirect word order and repetition, as these can make the text burdensome to read

Sub-headings

• use sub-headings to outline your text and make it more readable
• make your sub-headings informative and interesting, avoid using generic sub-headings such as "Introduction" or "In conclusion"
• the number of sub-headings depends on the overall length of your article, but they should be used even in the shortest writings (always add at least 2-3 sub-headings)

The significance of discussion

• this is usually the most interesting part of the article
• sum up the issues discussed in the article and reflect on their significance and possible follow-ups (future actions such as implementation, further studies or new initiatives/projects)

Grammatical correctedness

• grammatically correct and carefully written text gives a reliable and competent impression of both you and your text

Citing and the list of references

• you need to reference all the resources you have used in your article, according to the referencing system used by your chosen publication
• a reference consists of two parts: in-text citation and bibliographic reference (aka list of references, bibliography)
• reserve enough time to learn the chosen publication's referencing system so you can apply it correctly
• keep in mind that references also give readers an overview of the quality and reliability of your work
• more information on citation and the Harvard system used in LAB publications, please visit the Citation Guide for LAB Publications

Professional publications focus on phenomena relevant to expert work, such as current challenges of professional work, different kinds of activities in the field of expertise, or socially relevant observations or findings.

According to the Ministry of Education and Culture's guidelines, a professional publication must produce new information for the use of the professional community. This can be achieved for example in the following ways:

• review on the results of research, innovation or development work (successes, failures, reflection)
• presentation of a new idea, insight, or a new perspective on the issue being discussed, based on professional expertise
• analysis of a current phenomenon in the field

The following examples do not meet the publication criteria:

• mere referencing of sources, reporting, or describing activities without an informative objective or justified perspective
• mere marketing communication (training, events, services, products), since publications must have an informative objective or justified perspective.
• description of participation in an event or trip (unless the publication produces new professional knowledge)
• publishing the same content in different formats (e.g. as an article and a podcast)



The IMRaD format has been widely adopted as a prominent structure for scientific journal articles.

I = Introduction
M = Methods
R = Results
D = Discussion

In addition, referencing is always used and the articles include a bibliography. These will, among other things, help the reader to evaluate both the coverage and the currency of the sources used.

An abstract at the beginning of the article provides an overview of the contents.

Scientific journals are peer-reviewed.